Microcontroller

A microcontroller like Arduino or Raspberry Pi is the brain of the system, controlling the various devices and sensors. It processes input from sensors and sends commands to actuators.

Relays

Relays are used to control high-power devices like lights and fans based on the signals from the microcontroller. They act as switches that can be turned on or off electrically.

IoT Modules

IoT modules like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth enable wireless communication between the system and external devices. They allow remote control and monitoring of the classroom environment.